GENE RESCUE PROGRAMME TO PROTECT LOCAL FARM ANIMAL BREEDS AND ECOTYPES IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN: “THE GENE RING” – “A GENGYURU”
Abstract
Several protection systems of farm animal genetic resources (AnGR) have been elaborated to accomplish conservation programmes. However, conservation practice may differ from region to region even within one country, according to the local environment, climate, agricultural traditions and uniqueness for the region local breeds and ecotypes. The paper introduces the Hungarian protection system, which consists of gene banks, gene protection and gene conservation as main elements of local farm animal breed protection with an important additional element of the system for the Carpathian Basin: gene rescue. It aims to retain all precious heritage of local livestock being out of the scope of the current gene conservation programmes (critically endangered varieties, landraces, ecotypes, specific populations or even individuals with fixed characteristic properties). Next to the brief introduction of the Hungarian protection ystem and HáGK research scopes of AnGR conservation, the authors provide examples of local breeds and ecotypes for which the gene rescue programme have been or should be started in Szeklerland, Transylvania. The programme is called “The Szekler Gene Ring” or in Hungarian “A Székely Géngyur ˝ u”. ˝ Some technical details of the Gene Ring programme are also mentioned. It is concluded that urgent action and the cooperation of breeders, conservationists of related countries are required to start special gene rescue projects with the aim of collecting animals, starting nucleus stock breeding in situ, supporting the existing and elaborating new gene conservation programmes of distinct local breeds and ecotypes traditional for the Carpathian Basin. Introducing cases of general conservation or specific gene rescue programmes that might be useful for other regions and countries, including Southeast Asia, where unique local breeds still exist, can be a further objective of this paper.
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References
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